In the glassfiber textile industry, as with many other industries, there is widely used and commonly understood terminology. The section defines words or terms used in thi publication and within the industry.
  
   ABRASION
Wearing away by friction. Glass is highly resistant to abrasion by other materials, but can be damaged through contact with itself. A lubricant is used during processing and fabrication to prevent abrasion.
  
   BARE GLASS
The glass as it flows from the bushing in fiber form, before binder or sizing is applied.
  
   BATCH OVEN
Large temperature-controlled oven, used to heat-cle rolls of glassfiber fabric.
  
   BEAM
A spool, on which is wound a number of parallel end of singles or plied yarns, for use in weaving or simila processing operations.
  
   BEAMING
Operation in which many ends of yarn from a creel a combined on a section beam.
  
   BINDER
A material applied in liquid form to fibers, yarn or fabric, to retain structural integrity during further processing. (Also known as sizing.)
  
   BOBBIN
The spool or shipping package on to which textile yarns are wound.
  
   BRAID/BRAIDER
A narrow tubular or flat fabric produced by intertwining a single set of yarns according to a definite pattern.
  
   BUSHING
A platinum plate full of holes through which molten glass is extruded into filaments.
  
   CABLED YARN
Yarn that is plied more than once; yarn made by plying two or more previously plied yarns.
  
   CARDING
The process of untangling and partially straighten in fibers by passing them between two closely spaced surfaces which are moving at different speeds, and least one of which is covered with sharp points, thus converting a tangled mass of fibers to a filmy web.
  
   CHEMICAL SIZE
A surface finish applied to the fiber that contains some chemical constituents other than water.
  
   COLLET
A spool on which the gathered strands from the bushing are wound for further processing.
  
   CONTINUOUS FILAMENT
A yarn made of filaments that extend substantially throughout the length of the yarn.
  
   CORONIZING
Continuous heat cleaning and weave setting.
  
   CREEL
That part of a twisting, winding or warping machine that holds packages of strands for further fabrication.
  
   DENIER
A direct numbering system for expressing linear density, equal to the mass in grams per 9000m of arn, filament, fiber, or other textile strand.
  
   DENSITY,FIBER
Mass per unit volume of the solid matter of which a fiber is composed, measured under specified conditions.
  
   DIRECT-SIZED YARN
Specially formulated sizings on textile yarns that allow them to be resin compatible.
  
   DISPERSION
The process of suspending individual fibers (filaments in an aqueous medium.
  
   E GLASS

   A family of calcia-alumina-silicate glasses which has
   a certified chemical composition and which is used fo general purposes and most electrical applications.(ASTM D578-90.)
  
   END
A single fiber, strand, roving or yarn, being incorporated into a product.
  
   FIBER/FILAMENT
An individual rod of glass, of sufficiently small diameter to be flexible, and of limited length.
  
   FILAMENT YARN
A yarn composed of continuous filaments assembled with or without twist.
  
   FILL
The system of yarns running crosswise in a woven fabric (short for filling). Also known as weft.(See warp.)
  
   FINISH
Coupling agent applied to fabric to improve compatibility with resins or to improve high-temperature lubricity.
  
   FLY
Fibers which fly out into the atmosphere during carding, drawing, spinning or other textile processes.
  
   FUZZ
Untangled or broken fiber ends that protrude from the surface of a yarn or fabric.
  
   GLASS BLENDS
When several different fiber types, i.e. different lengths and diameters, are blended in the fiber slurry.
  
   HEAT CLEANING
Batch and continuous processes in which organic yarn binder is removed from glass fabrics.
  
   KNITTED FABRIC
A structure produced by interlooping one or more ends of yarn or comparable material.
  
   LOOM
A mechanical device that interlaces fibers at right angles with varying degrees of weave construction (weight, thickness and design). More modern looms are air jet but rapier and more traditional shuttle equipment is still in use.
  
   LOOM BEAM
A large, flanged cylinder onto which all warp yarns are wound and from which yarns enter the looms.
  
   NON-WOVEN FABRIC
A textile structure produced by bonding or interlocking of fibers, or both, accomplished by mechanical,chemical, thermal, or solvent means and combinations thereof.
  
   OVERSPRAY
A specially formulated binder applied to texturized yarn that helps retain the bulk of the yarn after texturizing.
  
   PLIED YARN
A yarn formed by twisting together two or more single yarns in one operation. (Synonyms: folded yarn,formed yarn.)
  
   PLY
The number of single yarns twisted together to form a plied yarn; also the number of plied yarns twisted together to form a cord. The individual yarn in a plied yarn or in a cord. One of several layers of fabric.
  
   POLYESTER OMBINATION YARN
A polyester/fiber glass hybrid yarn.
  
   ROVING
A multiplicity of filaments or yarns gathered tog into an approximately parallel arrangement wit twist.
  
   S GLASS
A family of magnesium-alumina-silicate glasses a certified chemical composition which conform applicable material specification and which pro high mechanical strength. (ASTM D578-90).(R)
  
   S-2 GLASS FIBER
The Advanced trademarked brand of high tensil strength ¡±S¡° glass fibers.
  
   SCRIM
A light, woven or non-woven fabric with relativ large openings between the yarns, used as reinforcement for paper and other products.
  
   SECTION BEAM
A flanged cylinder onto which yarn is drawn an accumulated from yarn bobbins or packages.
  
   SERVING
Wrapping of yarn around a product in one or m layers, to form a protective covering.
  
   SEWING THREAD
A flexible, small diameter yarn or strand, usuall treated with a surface coating, lubricant, or bot intended to be used to stitch one or more piece material or an object to a material.
  
   SINGLE YARN
The simplest strand of textile material suitable operations such as weaving, knitting, etc.
  
   SIZE
A generic term for compounds which, when app to yarn or fabric, form a more or less continuou film around the yarn and individual fibers. (Also as binder.)
  
   SLASHING
The method of applying size to a width of warp on a continuous basis.
  
   SLIVER
Overlapping and parallel staple fibers that have gathered into a loose, continuous bundle.
  
   SPLICE
The joining of two ends of yarn by intertwining,knotting, overlapping or adhering them together.
  
   STRAND
A single fiber, filament or monofilament. An ordered assemblage of textile fibers having a high ratio of length to diameter and normally used as a unit including slivers, rovings, single yarns, plied yarns,cords, braids, ropes, etc.
  
   STRAND COUNT
U.S. Yardage System: the length, in hundreds of yards,of a single strand having a mass of one pound.European TEX System: the mass, in grams, of a strand 1000 meters in length.
  
   TAPE
A narrow fabric with a mass per unit area of less than 2 2 0.5kg/m(0.1lb/ft) for each 25.4mm(1 in.) of width and
   which is used primarily for utilitarian purposes.
  
   TENSION DEVICE
A mechanical or magnetic device that controls tension.
  
   TEX
A unit for expressing linear density, equal to the mass in grams of 1 km of yarn, filament, fiber or other. textile strand.
  
   TEXTURIZED GLASS YARN
A yarn processed from continuous filament yarn in such a manner to induce bulk to the yarn by disorientation of the filaments.
  
   TURN
One 360¡ãrevolution of the components around the axis of the strand.
  
   TWIST AND PLY FRAMES
Machines used to twist and ply glass yarns.
  
   UNTREATED
A desc riptive term for glassfiber yarns having no applied chemicals or coatings, other than the minimal lubricant or binder used to control intra-fiber abrasion.
  
   VINYL-COATED GLASS YARN
Continuous glass filament yarn, coated with a pigment and plasticized vinyl chloride resin.
  
   WARP
The yarn running lengthwise in a woven fabric. A group of yarns in long lengths and approximately parallel, put on beams or warp reels for further textile processing including weaving, knitting, twisting,dyeing, etc.
  
   WARP SIZE
Chemicals applied to the warp yarn to improve strand integrity, strength and smoothness in order to withstand rigors of weaving.
  
   WEFT
The system of yarns running crosswise in a fabric.Also known as fill.
  
   WET-PROCESS
A process for forming a non-woven web from a water slurry on ¡°papermaking¡± equipment. Also known as ¡°wet-laid¡± or ¡°wet-formed.¡±
  
   YARN
A generic term for a continuous strand of textile fibers, filaments or material in a form suitable for knitting, weaving or otherwise intertwining to form a textile fabric.(R)
  
   ZENTRON ROVING
Advanced's single-end rovings made from (R) S-2 Glass fibers.